失魂之城

致敬先驅：羅沙‧馮邦海姆 

Homage to Pioneer: Rosa von Praunheim

羅沙．馮邦海姆，德國導演、作家及監製，1942年生於拉脫維亞，被譽為德國最具影響力的同志權益推動者之一。他的藝名「Rosa」源自納粹集中營中強迫同性戀者佩戴的粉紅色倒三角標誌，奠定其創作與政治立場的核心。作為新德國電影與酷兒反文化的重要先驅，馮邦海姆在逾半世紀的創作歷程中，拍攝超過150部作品，題材橫跨同性戀、性別流動、老年處境、愛滋病與政治壓迫等議題，持續挑戰社會主流道德。

1960年代末，他以實驗短片嶄露頭角。1971年完成首部長片《戀上我的床》，以戲謔與諷刺解構資產階級婚姻，迅速成為邪典經典。同年，他的另一部作品《非同之罪》引發廣泛爭議與社會迴響，不僅促成多個同志平權組織的成立，更被視為西德與瑞士現代同志解放運動的起點，使他躍身成為德國同志運動的代表人物。作為一位高產且具爭議性的創作者，馮邦海姆在紀錄片領域尤其活躍。70年代初，他曾旅居美國，持續拓展其對性別與文化的觀察。1983年，他執導的《失魂之城》被譽為極具前瞻性，對跨性別族群產生深遠影響。隨著愛滋病疫情爆發，他將創作重心轉向HIV及AIDS議題，並以「AIDS三部曲」的《Silence = Death》（1990）榮獲柏林影展泰迪熊獎評審團獎。除影像創作外，他亦深度參與社會運動。身為德國ACT UP運動的共同創辦人之一，他策劃了德國首個大型愛滋募款活動，積極推動安全性行為教育，將藝術創作與社會運動緊密連結。

2013年，馮邦海姆獲柏林影展頒發金攝影機特別成就獎；翌年再獲泰迪熊獎特別獎，以表彰其對電影的卓越貢獻。2015年獲德國聯邦功績勳章；2020年獲麥士·奧福斯終身成就獎。2025年，他再度憑新作《Satanic Sow》勇奪柏林影展泰迪熊獎最佳紀錄片。

2025年12月17日，羅沙‧馮邦海姆於柏林辭世，享年83歲。

本屆澳門國際酷兒影展攜手香港歌德學院向其致敬，精選七部經典作品，回顧這位傳奇先驅橫跨半世紀的創作軌跡，以及其對酷兒族群與歐洲LGBTQ+運動深遠的影響。

Rosa von Praunheim, German filmmaker, writer, and producer, born in Latvia in 1942. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential advocates for LGBTQ+ rights in Germany. His stage name “Rosa” references the pink inverted triangle (Rosa Winkel) that homosexuals were forced to wear in Nazi concentration camps, grounding both his artistic practice and political stance. As a key pioneer of New German Cinema and queer counterculture, von Praunheim created over 150 works across his prolific career, addressing themes such as homosexuality, gender fluidity, aging, AIDS, and political oppression, continually challenging dominant social morality.

He first emerged in the late 1960s with experimental short films. In 1971, he completed his debut feature The Bed Sausage, a satirical critique of bourgeois morality that quickly became a cult classic. That same year, another of his works, It Is Not the Homosexual Who Is Perverse, But the Society in Which He Lives, sparked widespread controversy. It not only contributed to the formation of several LGBTQ+ organizations but is also regarded as a catalyst for the LGBTQ liberation movements in West Germany and Switzerland, establishing von Praunheim as a leading figure in German queer activism.

A highly prolific and often provocative filmmaker, von Praunheim was especially active in documentary cinema. In the early 1970s, he lived in the United States, further expanding his exploration of gender and cultural politics. In 1983, his film City of Lost Souls was considered highly visionary and had a profound influence on transgender representation. With the outbreak of the AIDS crisis, he shifted his focus toward HIV/AIDS-related issues, culminating in his AIDS trilogy, with Silence = Death (1990) winning the Teddy Jury Award at the Berlin Film Festival. Beyond filmmaking, he was deeply engaged in activism. As a co-founder of the German ACT UP movement, he organized the country’s first major AIDS fundraising campaign and actively promoted safe sex education, closely linking artistic practice with social activism.

In 2013, he received the Berlinale Camera Award for lifetime achievement, followed by a special Teddy Award in 2014 honoring his contribution to cinema. In 2015, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, and in 2020 received the Max Ophüls Honorary Award for his life's work. In 2025, his final work Satanic Sow won the Teddy Award for Best Documentary.

Rosa von Praunheim passed away in Berlin on 17 December 2025, at the age of 83.

The Macao International Queer Film Festival, in collaboration with the Goethe-Institut Hong Kong, pays tribute to this legendary pioneer by presenting a selection of seven of his works, reflecting on his more than fifty years of artistic practice and his profound impact on queer communities and LGBTQ+ movements across Europe.